Having computer at home can help our work easily. If we can not finish our work in office, we can do it at home by using computer. But, sometime, the use of computer at home has different opinion both advantages and disadvantages. In most cases, computer will give us many good things if we can use it correctly or in vice versa. I believe that having computer at home will make me smart and creative. It can be seen that nowadays, everything is done only by computer. Photographer can beautify his/her photograph with Photoshop. The teacher can do slide presentation with PPT. there are many good things that can be taken from having computer. It will be dangerous if we do not use it wisely. The more modern era will make the computer price get higher and higher. It means that we must work hard to buy it. Internet connection gives more freedom to access anything without any limits that can make user spend all day long only in front of the computer. It affects their eyes because of the light radiation which is shone by the computer. The private data can be safe in the computer that nobody knows.
Those are some advantages and disadvantages of having computer at home. The children have their time when they spend in front of computer. They must be kept and watched by their parents. The right computer place like in the living room or family room will avoid their bad attitude in the computer, so parents can watch what they do. And it becomes a good way to prevent them from bad effect of computer.
Jumat, 14 Maret 2014
Writing Section 2 "More and More Families have computer in thier homes, what advantaged and disadvantages do home computers have for children? should parents restrict the amount of time their children spend using the computer?" #Practice
Having computer at home can help our work easily. If we can not finish our work in office, we can do it at home by using computer. But, sometime, the use of computer at home has different opinion both advantages and disadvantages. In most cases, computer will give us many good things if we can use it correctly or in vice versa. I believe that having computer at home will make me smart and creative. It can be seen that nowadays, everything is done only by computer. Photographer can beautify his/her photograph with Photoshop. The teacher can do slide presentation with PPT. there are many good things that can be taken from having computer. It will be dangerous if we do not use it wisely. The more modern era will make the computer price get higher and higher. It means that we must work hard to buy it. Internet connection gives more freedom to access anything without any limits that can make user spend all day long only in front of the computer. It affects their eyes because of the light radiation which is shone by the computer. The private data can be safe in the computer that nobody knows.
Those are some advantages and disadvantages of having computer at home. The children have their time when they spend in front of computer. They must be kept and watched by their parents. The right computer place like in the living room or family room will avoid their bad attitude in the computer, so parents can watch what they do. And it becomes a good way to prevent them from bad effect of computer.
Writing section I on page 73 "population distribution in the northwest for 1900-2050" #Practice
The graph elaborates the condition of the population distribution in the northwest during 1900- 2050. The categories from the population are divided into three part areas; rural, suburban, and urban. These categories have different number for each five decades. In 1900, the highest population distribution is rural with 65, urban is on 30 populations, and the lowest population distribution is suburban which is only on 10%. In 1950, rural population has decreased to 45 %, and urban gets higher on 35%, and does suburban which increased to 20%. In 2000, population distribution of urban and suburban are getting higher and higher in the same number which has reached to 40, but rural population has changed low to 20. The next plan has been projected in 2050, the most population distribution in the northwest is suburban which have 55 total numbers, but urban and rural are dropped to 10 and 35. It can be concluded that the population distribution of suburban in the northwest increases every five decades.
Minggu, 02 Maret 2014
In Your Opininion, should young people choose their own proffession, or their parents choose for them? (Writing Tast 2 Barron P.219)
Unemploment and average earning by educational level (Barron IELTS P. 218)
The graph represents unemployment rates and average earning based on the educational level starts from the high school diploma to graduate degree in 2008. It can be seen that high school diploma is taking the highest position on 5.5 % and it does not earn so much money only with $ 600 every week. Some colleges that do not have job are on the second position with 4.2 % and earn $ 675 a week. The next rank is college degree which earns $ 1.100 and covers 2.5% of unemployment people. The lowest rate for jobless people is graduate degree that has only 1.2% for those who do not have job. They are in the highest position of average earning in 2008 by reaching $ 1.500 every week.
Selasa, 18 Februari 2014
Life now is better than it was 100 years ago, Agree or Disagree!
“Life now is better than it was 100 years ago”, I can say so. The growth of life is going better and better every single year. The most significant life that has grown is the technology. The use of internet access is now making us so close even we are in far away of the distance. I can not imagine 100 years ago if I were born in that year. Maybe I can not google my self or skype with my friend or my family. I will find many disabilities to access such as transportation, letter or news as well.
The life challenges also give contribution to our better life. The necessary of information now is growing significantly. The people are doing mobile anywhere, anyplace and anytime. They need something which can support their life and make their life go easily. Another development that life is going to be better and better is communication system. When I was fifteen, I wrote a letter to my teacher if I would not be able to come to the class. It does not seem so difficult right now. By logging to our email account, we can write an electronic letter which directly can be read by our teacher. It saves our time lots.
In the conclusion that life is better is truly true. There are many significant benefits and advantages from our life nowadays. The life will change and the change will make our life so easy to do anything in this world.
The Difference average of cost-of-living average in Riverdale and Cape Alicia
The data on the table calculate the cost-of-living averages in two different cities Riverdale and Cape Alicia. The comparison is taken from the national cost-of-living average. There are six categories to be compared, groceries, housing, utilities, transportation, health care, and clothing.
In Riverdale, the average of consuming groceries 4.7% is higher than in Cape Alicia only 0.5 %. The housing has also difference average between two cities. The Riverdale is on 19% of using housing, but it has totally low average in Cape Alicia which had -12.5 %. The utilities average in the Riverdale reaches 4.5 %, 1.2% average is in Cape Alicia. The use of transportation in Riverdale shows on 4 % and -3.8 % in Cape Alicia. The health care has significant different between the two cities, Riverdale takes 7% and Cape Alicia is on 0.8 %. Clothing in Riverdale represents 5.5 higher than Cape Alicia 1%.
Rabu, 12 Februari 2014
Do you think that is it better for the goverment to spend money for developing public transportation system than electric car and other types of car?
I think that both ideas are relating to each other. The most important thing is how to make the pollution of the private cars is dropped. The increasing of pollution may cause global warming. To decrease the pollution, it can be started by making and developing of transportation system. The main purpose of public transportation system is to make less pollution that created by private cars and other private transportation. Public transportation can not be done without government support. The government must spend money for developing some public transportation systems. The people will interest to use public transportation if the system is done well. When it happens, the people will choose public transportation than their cars.
Another idea to the government to decrease the pollution is creating electric car that has less pollution. The government must re-think to spend their money for making this electric car, because the main problem is the pollution. When the pollution decreases because of electric car, I am afraid of another problem will happen. The mass producing of electric cars may cause traffic jam. So, the government must be aware about this problem.
In my opinion, both developing public transportation system and producing electric car are important to decrease the pollution that may cause global warming. It is better for the government to develop the public transportation system. The producing electric car or other type of car is the next plan to prevent the global warming.
How Plastic Bottles Are Recycled
The diagram shows how plastic bottles are recycled to become manufacture which is called pellet. There are two main processes to make this pellet. The first process is named as recycling center where the bottles are made to be bales. It has some steps to do that way. The bottles are separated from other types of container like glass and metal. Then they are sorted by their colors. The bottles pressed into bales. The bale contains around 7,000 bottles. The second process is reclaimer. In this process, the bottles which are made to become bales are broken apart by a bale breaker. The next process, plastic is shredded into the flakes. Flakes are washed, rinsed, and dried. The melted flakes are put through extruder. Finally, the pellets are made.
The pellets are sold to manufactures to be used to make fibers for carpets and clothing, nonfood container, and other product.
Minggu, 26 Januari 2014
Because of the busy pace of modern life, many children spend most of their time indoors and have little exposure to the natural life.
It is very important to the children to introduce more and have along with nature. It is because the will understand and learn many real things that they know only from the book or television if they spend their time indoors. Study about nature will give them more experiences and recognize many things that they found in nature. The children will know how to make nature still exist and give benefit to their life in the future. So, the children will realize that nature has big influence to their life.
The example of learning nature has big influence to their life is when they know the fresh air which is available in the air will not happen if they do not take part in planting the trees, or The water will give bad effect if the children do not care to their surrounding environment or throw rubbish in the wrong place. Those examples will make unforgettable experience in their life, so that’s why the children will appreciate and take the nature as their responsibility in the next generation.
Introducing more about nature is really important to young generation. It is very good time for the children to recognize many things around them. They will make lives in the world still go on. It can happen when they protect and take after their environment in good stable condition between nature and modernity. They have sometimes to learn to understand and appreciate nature. It is good for adult to teach and show them that they have big responsibility to make our future survive.
Kamis, 16 Januari 2014
WRITING PRACTICE 1
The main topic I will write is "everybody should be allowed admission to university study programs regardless of their level of academic ability".
The first thing that I have to say is I agree with the statement everybody should be allowed admission to university study programs regardless of their level of academic ability. We must know that education is one of the human rights. No one can ignore or refuse what she or he wants to choose for the next study, especially to gain the education in university. It is because education is wealth which is priceless in the whole of our life.
People can choose what their interests and abilities that they think fit and suitable based on their ability. We were born in this world by having different skill. We can find that someone will have a weakness in different skill but sometimes he is good at another skill. People will have interest in learning English will have less interest in counting mathematics. It means that in the university, people will find their abilities and interests to be developed.
University as the bridge for the education should not forbid the students to take their higher education by only looking from their academic ability. So, the people that have unique or special characters will have place to improve their abilities.
In conclusion, the study in university should not be taken by their level academic but it must be seen from their ability, because everyone has its character and different skill in his/her life and it is also be a part of human right that can not be refused.
Senin, 02 April 2012
How to use another, other, and others
It's been a while to not posting on my blog. In this time, I am going to write about the determiner of "another, other, and others". I got these questions few months ago yet I didn't have time to post to. Okay, let us talk "another". This determiner is usually used with singular noun. It has two meanings, first is "something else (not specific), different from this". Let see the example below:
Example: One person's secret is another person's secret.
The second meaning is "one more, extra or additional".
Example: I want another hat.
Please give me another job.
As I stated above that "another" can be used only with singular noun. Meanwhile, "other" has also meaning of "different". It is used with plural noun.
Example: There are other people standing over there.
The rule of "other" is used when you only have two choices and you need to say "not this, but that".
Example: "The fruit store is placed on the other side of this street". (Means that the store is not at this street but at that street)
If you still get confused, try analyze these examples of "another" and "other".
There are a lot of books on the table. I don't like this book, give me another one.
There are only two books on the table. I don't like this book, give me the other one.
Another and other can be used to replace adjectives, but others only replace plural nouns. Look at these examples below:
Example: There are some students speaking English. others are speaking Bahasa.
There are five hats in my bag. Two are here. Where are the others?
Example: One person's secret is another person's secret.
The second meaning is "one more, extra or additional".
Example: I want another hat.
Please give me another job.
As I stated above that "another" can be used only with singular noun. Meanwhile, "other" has also meaning of "different". It is used with plural noun.
Example: There are other people standing over there.
The rule of "other" is used when you only have two choices and you need to say "not this, but that".
Example: "The fruit store is placed on the other side of this street". (Means that the store is not at this street but at that street)
If you still get confused, try analyze these examples of "another" and "other".
There are a lot of books on the table. I don't like this book, give me another one.
There are only two books on the table. I don't like this book, give me the other one.
Another and other can be used to replace adjectives, but others only replace plural nouns. Look at these examples below:
Example: There are some students speaking English. others are speaking Bahasa.
There are five hats in my bag. Two are here. Where are the others?
Senin, 19 Maret 2012
The Definition of Word, Phrase, Clause and Sentence
These definitions are taken from Routledge Dictionary of Language and Linguistics by Hadumod Bussman.
Word: Term used intuitively in everyday language for a basic element of language; numerous linguistic attempts at defining the concept are not uniform and remain controversial.
Phrase: (1) term for word groups without a finite verb that belong together syntactically. In contrast, the term 'Clause' denotes a syntactic construction with finite verb; thus clause stands hierarchically between phrase and sentence. (2) in phrase structure grammar, the term 'phrase' stands for a set of syntactic elements which form a constituent (=relatively independent group of words. The most important phrases are noun phrases (consisting of nominal expressions with corresponding attributive modifiers: Philip, good old Philip, he, Philip, who is a dreamer), verb phrases (dreams, sees the fire, thinks that he's right), prepositional phrases (on the table)among others. (also adjective phrase, determiner phrase)
Clause: Neutral term for both dependent (subordinate clause) and independent (clauses main clause)
Sentence : Unit of speech constructed according to language-dependent rules, which is relatively complete and and independent in respect to content, grammatical structure, and intonation. Sentence can be divided into simple, compound, and complex sentence: simple sentences may contain only one finite verb plus obligatory and optional; compound sentences at least two finite verb, with clauses being joined through coordination; complex sentences contain at least two finite verbs, with all additional (dependent) clauses being joined to the main (independent) clause via subordination.
The next question is what is the difference between a clause and a sentence? According to me, a clause is group that contains words and has at least verb and predicate. The clause can be sentence. However, a sentence is the largest structure formation that contains a main verb, subject, predicate, intonation, and it's built by clause. So there will probably be some finite verbs that joined in one sentence. Example: I like you but I hate you. We would say that the sentence contains two clauses rather two sentences.
Word: Term used intuitively in everyday language for a basic element of language; numerous linguistic attempts at defining the concept are not uniform and remain controversial.
Phrase: (1) term for word groups without a finite verb that belong together syntactically. In contrast, the term 'Clause' denotes a syntactic construction with finite verb; thus clause stands hierarchically between phrase and sentence. (2) in phrase structure grammar, the term 'phrase' stands for a set of syntactic elements which form a constituent (=relatively independent group of words. The most important phrases are noun phrases (consisting of nominal expressions with corresponding attributive modifiers: Philip, good old Philip, he, Philip, who is a dreamer), verb phrases (dreams, sees the fire, thinks that he's right), prepositional phrases (on the table)among others. (also adjective phrase, determiner phrase)
Clause: Neutral term for both dependent (subordinate clause) and independent (clauses main clause)
Sentence : Unit of speech constructed according to language-dependent rules, which is relatively complete and and independent in respect to content, grammatical structure, and intonation. Sentence can be divided into simple, compound, and complex sentence: simple sentences may contain only one finite verb plus obligatory and optional; compound sentences at least two finite verb, with clauses being joined through coordination; complex sentences contain at least two finite verbs, with all additional (dependent) clauses being joined to the main (independent) clause via subordination.
The next question is what is the difference between a clause and a sentence? According to me, a clause is group that contains words and has at least verb and predicate. The clause can be sentence. However, a sentence is the largest structure formation that contains a main verb, subject, predicate, intonation, and it's built by clause. So there will probably be some finite verbs that joined in one sentence. Example: I like you but I hate you. We would say that the sentence contains two clauses rather two sentences.
Minggu, 22 Januari 2012
MrDowoPortal.Com Is Officially Published
This is my another web blog that I have made for collecting all my lectures including scores, grades, examinations, announcements, lesson plans, syllabus, and all relating to the materials.This blog is simply designed by using weebly.com a free web design. You can check my MrDowoPortal.weebly.com HERE
Senin, 19 Desember 2011
Wanted !! Dicari Alumni MAN 1 Metro Lampung Timur Bernama Deska Dewi Herlina dari Labuhan Maringgai
Bagi teman-taman alumni MAN 1 Metro Lampung Timur ynag mengetahui atau memiliki informasi mengenai Deska Dewi Herlina dari Labuhan Maringgai Lampung, mohon infonya via email dedy.subandowo@gmail.com/ FB: Dedy Subandowo/ Twitter : @MrDowo. Terimakasih
Minggu, 11 Desember 2011
The Relation between Language and Society
THE RELATION BETWEEN LANGUAGE AND SOCIETY
Written and Lectured by Dedy Subandowo, M.A
As a part of Introduction to Linguistics Lectures
A. Introduction to Sociolinguistics
Sociolinguistics is study the relationship between language and society (Holmes, 1992:1, Kridalaksana, 2008:225). The sociolinguistics deals with explaining why we speak differently in different social context and factor such as, class, ethnicity, age, and sex. This study is concerned with the identifying the social functions of language and the ways it is used to convey social meaning. Sociolinguistics is also the study about dialects, languages in contact, language and education, and language in use (Fromkin, 2011: 430). Chaer (2004:2) explains that sociolinguistics is “the study about sociology and linguistics. In vice versa, Wardhough states that sociolinguistics and the sociology are different study.
“The sociolinguistics will be concerned with investigating the relationship between language and society with the goal of better understanding of the structure of language and of how languages function in communication; the equivalent goal in the sociology of language will be to discover how social structure can be better understood through the study of language, e.g., how certain linguistics features serve to characterize particular social arrangement” (1986:12).
Whereas Spolsky describes that sociolinguistics is the study the relation between language and society, between the uses of language and the social structures in which the user of language live (1998:3). It can be concluded that sociolinguistics is the branch of linguistics and deals with the relation of society and language. The sociolinguistics cannot be separated from the social meaning and of language use. This study concerns when and for what purpose does somebody speak what kind of language or what variety with whom.
B. Discussion
In this part of the discussion, the writer will describe sociolinguistic factors, the dialects, languages in contact, language and education, and language use (Holmes, 1992; Fromkin, 2011).
1. Sociolinguistic factors
a. Social factors
The social factors are including the users, participants, social settings and functions. The users divide “who is talking to whom (e.g. wife-husband, teacher-student). The setting and social context are also relevant such as, at home, hospital and class. The function describes “why are they speaking” and another factor is topic which describes “what are they talking about”.
b. Social dimensions
The relationship between the participants is one of the factors of the social dimension. The factors like the social distance (intimate-high solidarity), status scale (high-low status), the status, formality (formal-informal) and functional scale (topic of interaction) are really influenced the sociolinguistics.
c. Explanation factors
This factor is to identify clearly the linguistic variation such as, vocabulary, sounds, grammatical construction, dialects, languages and the different social which lead the speakers to use one form rather than another such as, participant, setting or function of the interaction.
2. Dialect
All speakers can talk to each other and pretty much understand each other. Between one and another do not speak alike. It can be influenced by age, sex, social situation and where and when the language was learned. The language of an individual speaker with its unique characteristics is referred to as the speaker’s idiolect. When there are systematic differences in the way groups speak a language, it says that each group speaks a dialect of that language. Chambers (1980:5) noticed that dialect on the other hand, refers to varieties which are grammatically (and perhaps lexically) as well as phonologically different from other varieties. The example when the two speakers are say I done it last night and I did it last night, they are saying different dialects.
3. Language in contact
Sometime the user of language finds the speaker of language that speaks different language. It can be seen clearly in some part of the world that the speaker of bilingual communities, you may not have to travel very far at all to find the language disconnect. To make the user understand about this situation, they need a language that can communicate each other. In this part, lingua franca, bilingualism, pidgin and creole, are the kinds of language in contact. The details are explained below.
Lingua Franca is the language that is used by common agreement of the people who speak diverse language. English has been called lingua franca of the whole world.
Pidgin and Creole
Pidgin is a mixed language that arises in situations where speakers of different languages are unable to understand each other’s native language and, therefore need to develop a common means of communication (Bussman, 1998:905). Pidgin is used to communicate among the people who have no common language (Todd, 1974:1). Creole is defined as a language has evolved in a contact situation to become the native of generation of the speaker (Fromkin, 2011:458). It can be said that creoles are the pidgin that has a native speaker.
Bilingualism is the ability to speak two or more languages, either by an individual speakers, individual bilingualism, or within a society, societal bilingualism. The kind of bilingualism is code-switching which is described as the a speech style unique to bilingual, in which fluent speakers switch languages between or within sentences or in whole code.
4. Language and Education
Second-Language Teaching Method has two approaches: the synthetic approach (teaching grammatical, lexical, phonological, and the functional units of language step by step) and analytic approach (topics, texts or tasks) which has concern in content based instruction.
5. Language in Use
The language in use can be described in style and jargon. Style is the various languages that are used by the speaker in the situation dialects. Everybody has at least formal and informal style. In an informal style, the rule of constructing are used most often, the syntactic rules of negation and agreement may be altered, and many words are used that do not occur in the formal style. Jargon is the language that is used by the conceible science, profession, trade, and occupation uses specific slang terms. The examples of linguistic jargon for Introduction to Linguistics are phoneme, morpheme, lexicon, phrase structure rules and so on.
C. Conclusion
Sociolinguistics is the study of the relation between language and society. There are some sociolinguistic factors such as, social factors, social dimensions, and explanation factors. Every person has a unique way of speaking called as idiolects, and dialects which are grammatically (and perhaps lexically) as well as phonologically different from other varieties. The language in contact consists of Lingua Franca, Bilingualism, Pidgin and Creol. The language education can be seen in second-language teaching method. Language in use includes styles and jargons.
Written and Lectured by Dedy Subandowo, M.A
As a part of Introduction to Linguistics Lectures
A. Introduction to Sociolinguistics
Sociolinguistics is study the relationship between language and society (Holmes, 1992:1, Kridalaksana, 2008:225). The sociolinguistics deals with explaining why we speak differently in different social context and factor such as, class, ethnicity, age, and sex. This study is concerned with the identifying the social functions of language and the ways it is used to convey social meaning. Sociolinguistics is also the study about dialects, languages in contact, language and education, and language in use (Fromkin, 2011: 430). Chaer (2004:2) explains that sociolinguistics is “the study about sociology and linguistics. In vice versa, Wardhough states that sociolinguistics and the sociology are different study.
“The sociolinguistics will be concerned with investigating the relationship between language and society with the goal of better understanding of the structure of language and of how languages function in communication; the equivalent goal in the sociology of language will be to discover how social structure can be better understood through the study of language, e.g., how certain linguistics features serve to characterize particular social arrangement” (1986:12).
Whereas Spolsky describes that sociolinguistics is the study the relation between language and society, between the uses of language and the social structures in which the user of language live (1998:3). It can be concluded that sociolinguistics is the branch of linguistics and deals with the relation of society and language. The sociolinguistics cannot be separated from the social meaning and of language use. This study concerns when and for what purpose does somebody speak what kind of language or what variety with whom.
B. Discussion
In this part of the discussion, the writer will describe sociolinguistic factors, the dialects, languages in contact, language and education, and language use (Holmes, 1992; Fromkin, 2011).
1. Sociolinguistic factors
a. Social factors
The social factors are including the users, participants, social settings and functions. The users divide “who is talking to whom (e.g. wife-husband, teacher-student). The setting and social context are also relevant such as, at home, hospital and class. The function describes “why are they speaking” and another factor is topic which describes “what are they talking about”.
b. Social dimensions
The relationship between the participants is one of the factors of the social dimension. The factors like the social distance (intimate-high solidarity), status scale (high-low status), the status, formality (formal-informal) and functional scale (topic of interaction) are really influenced the sociolinguistics.
c. Explanation factors
This factor is to identify clearly the linguistic variation such as, vocabulary, sounds, grammatical construction, dialects, languages and the different social which lead the speakers to use one form rather than another such as, participant, setting or function of the interaction.
2. Dialect
All speakers can talk to each other and pretty much understand each other. Between one and another do not speak alike. It can be influenced by age, sex, social situation and where and when the language was learned. The language of an individual speaker with its unique characteristics is referred to as the speaker’s idiolect. When there are systematic differences in the way groups speak a language, it says that each group speaks a dialect of that language. Chambers (1980:5) noticed that dialect on the other hand, refers to varieties which are grammatically (and perhaps lexically) as well as phonologically different from other varieties. The example when the two speakers are say I done it last night and I did it last night, they are saying different dialects.
3. Language in contact
Sometime the user of language finds the speaker of language that speaks different language. It can be seen clearly in some part of the world that the speaker of bilingual communities, you may not have to travel very far at all to find the language disconnect. To make the user understand about this situation, they need a language that can communicate each other. In this part, lingua franca, bilingualism, pidgin and creole, are the kinds of language in contact. The details are explained below.
Lingua Franca is the language that is used by common agreement of the people who speak diverse language. English has been called lingua franca of the whole world.
Pidgin and Creole
Pidgin is a mixed language that arises in situations where speakers of different languages are unable to understand each other’s native language and, therefore need to develop a common means of communication (Bussman, 1998:905). Pidgin is used to communicate among the people who have no common language (Todd, 1974:1). Creole is defined as a language has evolved in a contact situation to become the native of generation of the speaker (Fromkin, 2011:458). It can be said that creoles are the pidgin that has a native speaker.
Bilingualism is the ability to speak two or more languages, either by an individual speakers, individual bilingualism, or within a society, societal bilingualism. The kind of bilingualism is code-switching which is described as the a speech style unique to bilingual, in which fluent speakers switch languages between or within sentences or in whole code.
4. Language and Education
Second-Language Teaching Method has two approaches: the synthetic approach (teaching grammatical, lexical, phonological, and the functional units of language step by step) and analytic approach (topics, texts or tasks) which has concern in content based instruction.
5. Language in Use
The language in use can be described in style and jargon. Style is the various languages that are used by the speaker in the situation dialects. Everybody has at least formal and informal style. In an informal style, the rule of constructing are used most often, the syntactic rules of negation and agreement may be altered, and many words are used that do not occur in the formal style. Jargon is the language that is used by the conceible science, profession, trade, and occupation uses specific slang terms. The examples of linguistic jargon for Introduction to Linguistics are phoneme, morpheme, lexicon, phrase structure rules and so on.
C. Conclusion
Sociolinguistics is the study of the relation between language and society. There are some sociolinguistic factors such as, social factors, social dimensions, and explanation factors. Every person has a unique way of speaking called as idiolects, and dialects which are grammatically (and perhaps lexically) as well as phonologically different from other varieties. The language in contact consists of Lingua Franca, Bilingualism, Pidgin and Creol. The language education can be seen in second-language teaching method. Language in use includes styles and jargons.
Rabu, 07 Desember 2011
Did You Get Confused When to Use "Less" or "Fever"?
This article may help you to find out how to use "less" or "fewer". I got this article from oxforddictionaries online. Help is at hand:
People often don’t know when to use less and when to use fewer in a sentence. Here’s how to get it right.
Use fewer if you’re referring to people or things in the plural (e.g. houses, newspapers, dogs, students, children). For example:
1.People these days are buying fewer newspapers.
2.Fewer students are opting to study science-related subjects.
3.Fewer than thirty children each year develop the disease.
Use less when you’re referring to something that can’t be counted or doesn’t have a plural (e.g. money, air, time, music, rain). For example:
1. It’s a better job but they pay you less money.
2. People want to spend less time in traffic jams.
3. Ironically, when I’m on tour, I listen to less music.
Less is also used with numbers when they are on their own and with expressions of measurement or time, e.g.:
1. His weight fell from 18 stone to less than 12.
2. Their marriage lasted less than two years.
3. Heath Square is less than four miles away from Dublin city centre
People often don’t know when to use less and when to use fewer in a sentence. Here’s how to get it right.
Use fewer if you’re referring to people or things in the plural (e.g. houses, newspapers, dogs, students, children). For example:
1.People these days are buying fewer newspapers.
2.Fewer students are opting to study science-related subjects.
3.Fewer than thirty children each year develop the disease.
Use less when you’re referring to something that can’t be counted or doesn’t have a plural (e.g. money, air, time, music, rain). For example:
1. It’s a better job but they pay you less money.
2. People want to spend less time in traffic jams.
3. Ironically, when I’m on tour, I listen to less music.
Less is also used with numbers when they are on their own and with expressions of measurement or time, e.g.:
1. His weight fell from 18 stone to less than 12.
2. Their marriage lasted less than two years.
3. Heath Square is less than four miles away from Dublin city centre
Senin, 05 Desember 2011
Cara Penulisan Daftar Pustaka dari Internet
Aturan penulisan untuk daftar pustaka yang diambil dari internet melalui beberapa tahap seperti:
1. Nama penulis yang diawali dengan penulisan nama keluarga
2. Judul tulisan diletakkan diantara tanda kutip
3. Jika karya tulis keseluruhan (jika ada) dengan huruf miring
4. Data publikasi berisi protocol dan alamat, path, tanggal pesan, atau waktu akses dilakukan.
Contoh penulisan daftar pustaka dari internet.
1. Dari WWW
Hasibuan, Rusli. “Menanam Jengkol di Bukit Kapur.” http://www.duniatani.or.id/riset/rusli/palawija_jengkol.html (diakses tanggal 12 Juni 2003)
1. Dari file transfer protocol (kutipan yang diunduh melalui FTP)
Johnson-Eilola, Jordan. “Little Machine: rearticulating Hypertext Users.” FTP deadalis.com/pug cccc95/Johnson-eilola (diakses tanggal 10 Februari 1996)
1. Dari surat elektronik (Ratron / email)
Rahman, Afif. “Proposal Buku Sekolah Murah Meriah.” afif-r23@dodols.com (diakses tanggal 22 September 2009)
Daftar pustaka
Utorodewo, Felicia N. Bahasa Indonesia: Sebuah Pengantar Penulisan Ilmiah. Jakarta: Universitas Indonesia, 2007. (Dipakai di lingkungan UI. Sumber Penayunus
1. Nama penulis yang diawali dengan penulisan nama keluarga
2. Judul tulisan diletakkan diantara tanda kutip
3. Jika karya tulis keseluruhan (jika ada) dengan huruf miring
4. Data publikasi berisi protocol dan alamat, path, tanggal pesan, atau waktu akses dilakukan.
Contoh penulisan daftar pustaka dari internet.
1. Dari WWW
Hasibuan, Rusli. “Menanam Jengkol di Bukit Kapur.” http://www.duniatani.or.id/riset/rusli/palawija_jengkol.html (diakses tanggal 12 Juni 2003)
1. Dari file transfer protocol (kutipan yang diunduh melalui FTP)
Johnson-Eilola, Jordan. “Little Machine: rearticulating Hypertext Users.” FTP deadalis.com/pug cccc95/Johnson-eilola (diakses tanggal 10 Februari 1996)
1. Dari surat elektronik (Ratron / email)
Rahman, Afif. “Proposal Buku Sekolah Murah Meriah.” afif-r23@dodols.com (diakses tanggal 22 September 2009)
Daftar pustaka
Utorodewo, Felicia N. Bahasa Indonesia: Sebuah Pengantar Penulisan Ilmiah. Jakarta: Universitas Indonesia, 2007. (Dipakai di lingkungan UI. Sumber Penayunus
Kamis, 01 Desember 2011
Contact Me
Dedy Subandowo
Desa Sambikarto Kec. Sekampung Kab. Lampung Timur
Email : Dedy.subandowo@gmail.com
Facebook : Dedy Subandowo
Twitter : @MrDowo
Desa Sambikarto Kec. Sekampung Kab. Lampung Timur
Email : Dedy.subandowo@gmail.com
Facebook : Dedy Subandowo
Twitter : @MrDowo
My Favorite Song for this Month "Maher Zain Hold My Hand"
When i got this song, the first feeling was astonished. This song would play on my song's play list for this month. I feel that this song is the sound of our world now. Sung by the top Islamic singer from Lebanon who was born March 16, 1981 in Tripoli Maher Zain. This song is really great to welcome in our ears in Indonesia specially me. I do love this song because of the meaning which contains good message. Entitled "Hold my hand" that signs us about relatives and relationships even we are different. I inserted this song into my lecture and played for missing lyrics in my class. My students feel so quiet and really enthusiastic about this song. Can you guess what they say to me? one of my students said that Sir, this song is really great. I am amazed. I talk to much about this song, I don't want to make you wonder about how the song wonderful is. You can find and play the song from the link I've given to you below. You can read the lyrics and feel the message of the song. Maher Zain - Hold My Hand Lyrics
Maher Zain - Hold my hand
From album: Thank You Allah
Lyrics: Hold my hand
I hear the flowers gonna crying loud
The breeze is sounding sad
Oh no!
Tell me when the breeze would calm
So cold and and empty side
Lost the way long time ago
Did we really turn that blind
We dont see that we keep hurting each other
No, all we do we just fight
Now we share the same bright sun
The same round moon
Why dont we share the same love?
Tell me why not?
Life is shorter than most they thought
Hold my hand,
There are many ways to do it right
Hold my hand,
Turn around and see what you left behind
Hold my hand my friend
We can save the good spirit in me and you
Form another chance
And lets pray for the beautiful world
The beautiful world I share with you
Children seem like theyve lost their smile
On their new bloody playgrounds
Oh no!
How could we ignore?
Heart breaking crying sounds
And we still going on
Like nobody really cares
And we just stop feeling all the pain
Because like its a daily basic affair
Now we share the same bright sun
The same round moon
Why dont we share the same love?
Tell me why not?
Life is shorter than most they thought
Hold my hand,
There are many ways to do it right
Hold my hand,
Turn around and see what you left behind
Hold my hand my friend
We can save the good spirit in me and you
Form another chance
And lets pray for the beautiful world
The beautiful world I share with you
No matter how far Ill might be
Im always gonna be your neighbour
Its only one small planet were to be
So Im always gonna be your neighbour
We cannot hide, we cant deny
That we always gonna be neighbours
Your neighbour
My neighbour
Were neighbours
So hold my hand,
There are many ways to do it right
Hold my hand,
Turn around and see what you left behind..
Hold my hand,
There are many ways to do it right
Hold my hand,
Turn around and see what you left behind
Hold my hand my friend
We can save the good spirit in me and you
Form another chance
And lets pray for the beautiful world
The beautiful world I share with you
Maher Zain Hold My Hand --> Download
Jumat, 15 Juli 2011
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